轻烧镁球供应商出口现状如何改变 How does the export status of light-burned magnesium balls suppliers change?

http://www.ykbhlm.com过去我国出口的氧化镁以轻烧镁球，轻烧镁粉为主，出口配额政策有其合理性，但随着技术进步和盐湖卤水、海水、白云石和蛇纹石等资源的不断开发，化学合成氧化镁的产量和品质不断提高，亟须开发国际市场，而简单的出口配额管理则大大限制了这种合理需求。那么该如何完善我国氧化镁出口政策呢？对此，中国无机盐工业协会镁化合物分会秘书长胡永琪提出了以下建议。

　　第一，对煅烧氧化镁和合成氧化镁进行分类管理，增加轻烧镁球、轻烧镁粉出口代码。由于菱镁矿资源的稀缺性及其重要战略地位，目前取消氧化镁出口配额政策，不利于对菱镁矿资源和环境的保护。建议对煅烧氧化镁和合成氧化镁进行分类管理，增加出口代码，对高附加值的合成氧化镁使用单独的出口代码，不仅不再实行出口配额限制，而且要在政策上鼓励出口创汇，实现盐湖及海水资源的可持续利用。

　　目前青海在建和投产的卤水法氧化镁产能就超过了30万吨，而国内氧化镁的市场销量通常只有每年10万吨左右，开拓国际市场是消化这些过剩产能的必然途径。但目前氧化镁出口配额管理，则严重制约了这些产品走向国际市场。因此，对煅烧氧化镁和合成氧化镁实行分类管理势在必行。

　　第二，改革轻烧镁球、轻烧镁粉供应商出口配额招标政策。出口配额招标政策催生了配额倒买倒卖行业，损害了出口市场秩序，限制了本该鼓励的合成氧化镁出口。建议适当提高菱镁矿的开采资源税、排污费和出口关税，来替代氧化镁的出口配额招标政策。一方面，采用这些管控政策同样可以达到控制煅烧氧化镁过度出口、资源流失问题，而合成氧化镁可以不用菱镁矿生产，这样就实现了对合成氧化镁的区别对待；另一方面，资源税、排污费和出口关税是国际认可的通行政策，这些政策也不会违背世贸组织的运行规则。

　　第三，氧化镁生产企业需加快技术开发。氧化镁生产企业一方面通过技术进步提高各种镁资源的利用效率，逐渐减少氧化镁生产对菱镁矿资源的依赖；另一方面，不断开发各种新用途、高功能性、高附加值的氧化镁产品，提高市场竞争力，向氧化镁下游延伸产业链，减少低端氧化镁产品的直接出口。

　　近年来，青海西部镁业、浙江联大化工、青海百事特、青海中信国安、青海盐湖集团等企业纷纷投资建设以盐湖制钾、海水制盐副产的废卤为主要原料生产高品质合成氧化镁的项目。这些项目都是以西部丰富的卤水氯化镁资源为原料，不存在资源流失问题，将氧化镁生产与钾盐生产联合开发，生产的产品纯度高、生产规模大、装置自动化程度相对高。这种工艺路线既生产了氯化镁产品，也给国内短缺的钾肥生产消除了“镁害”，发展了循环经济，实现了可持续发展。

http://www.ykbhlm.com In the past, China's exports of magnesium oxide were mainly light-burned magnesium balls and light-burned magnesium powder. The export quota policy has its rationality, but with technological progress and salt lake brine, seawater, dolomite and snakes The continuous development of resources such as stone and the continuous increase in the output and quality of chemically synthesized magnesia urgently require the development of international markets, while simple export quota management has greatly limited this reasonable demand. So how to improve China's magnesia export policy? In this regard, Hu Yongqi, Secretary General of the Magnesium Compound Branch of the China Inorganic Salt Industry Association, put forward the following suggestions.

First, classified management of calcined magnesia and synthetic magnesia, and increased export codes of lightly burned magnesium balls and lightly burned magnesium powder. Due to the scarcity of magnesite resources and its important strategic status, the current abolition of the magnesium oxide export quota policy is not conducive to the protection of magnesite resources and the environment. It is recommended that classified management of calcined magnesia and synthetic magnesia, increase export codes, use separate export codes for high value-added synthetic magnesia, not only no longer implement export quota restrictions, but also encourage exports to earn foreign exchange through policies and realize salt lakes. And the sustainable use of sea water resources.

Currently, the capacity of brine magnesium oxide under construction and in production in Qinghai exceeds 300,000 tons, while domestic magnesium oxide market sales are usually only about 100,000 tons per year. Exploiting the international market is an inevitable way to digest these excess capacity. However, the current management of magnesium oxide export quotas has severely restricted these products from entering the international market. Therefore, it is imperative to implement classified management of calcined magnesia and synthetic magnesia.

Second, reform the export quota bidding policy for suppliers of lightly burned magnesium balls and lightly burned magnesium powder. The export quota bidding policy has spawned the quota buying and selling industry, damaged the export market order, and restricted the export of synthetic magnesium oxide that should be encouraged. It is suggested to appropriately increase the mining resource tax, sewage charges and export tariffs of magnesite to replace the export quota bidding policy of magnesia. On the one hand, the adoption of these control policies can also control the problems of excessive export of calcined magnesia and the loss of resources, while synthetic magnesia can be produced without magnesite, so that different treatment of synthetic magnesia is realized; Sewage charges and export tariffs are internationally accepted general policies, and these policies will not violate the WTO's operating rules.

Third, magnesium oxide production enterprises need to speed up technological development. On the one hand, magnesium oxide production enterprises improve the utilization efficiency of various magnesium resources through technological progress, and gradually reduce the dependence of magnesium oxide production on magnesite resources; on the other hand, they continue to develop various new uses, high functionality, and high added value. Magnesium oxide products, improve market competitiveness, extend the industrial chain downstream of magnesium oxide, and reduce direct exports of low-end magnesium oxide products.

In recent years, enterprises in western Qinghai Magnesium, Zhejiang United University Chemical, Qinghai Best, Qinghai CITIC Guoan, Qinghai Salt Lake Group and other companies have invested in the construction of high-quality synthetic oxidation based on waste halogens produced by salt lake potassium production and seawater salt production. Magnesium items. These projects are based on the abundant brine magnesium chloride resources in the west, and there is no problem of resource loss. The joint development of magnesium oxide production and potassium salt production has produced products with high purity, large production scale and relatively high degree of equipment automation. This process route not only produces magnesium chloride products, but also eliminates "magnesium harm" to domestic shortage of potassium fertilizer production, develops a circular economy, and achieves sustainable development.